shanty town
Shanty towns (also called squatter camps or favelas) are settlements (sometimes illegal or unauthorized) of impoverished people who live in improvised dwellings made from scrap plywood, corrugated metal, and sheets of plastic. Shanty towns, which are usually built on the periphery of cities, often do not have proper sanitation, electricity, or telephone services.
Shanty towns are mostly found in developing nations, or partially developed nations with an unequal distribution of wealth. In extreme cases, shanty towns have populations approaching that of a city.
This page is not in reference to the city of Shantytown, located in Marathon county, Wisconsin, USA[Shantytown, Wisconsin in Marathon County Wisconsin - Wisconsin Information Source - theBubbler].
Origins
Shanty towns tend to develop on the outskirts of cities. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, shanty towns, often called "Hobo jungles,", "favelas" or "Georgie Slums" appeared in cities across North America because of massive unemployment. Some were nicknamed "Hoovervilles" because the residents blamed the economic conditions on then President Herbert Hoover, whose decisions were popularly thought to have caused the depression. Similarly in Canada, hobo jungles were dubbed "Bennettville" after Prime Minister Bennett.
The first recorded use of the word shanty, as meaning a crude dwelling, was in Ohio in 1820. It may have been derived from the French Canadian word chantier, meaning hut in a lumber camp, from the French word for timberyard. Alternatively, it could have been derived from the Irish sean tí, meaning "old house" or from the Nahuatl word chantli "home".
Dangers
Shanty town residences are almost always built without a license. Since construction is informal and unguided by urban planning, there is a near total absence of formal street grids, numbered streets, sanitation networks, electricity, or telephones. Even if these resources are present, they are likely to be disorganized, old or inferior. Shanty towns also tend to lack basic services present in more formally organized settlements, including policing, medical services, and fire fighting. Fires are a particular danger for shanty towns because of the close proximity of buildings and flammability of materials used in construction.[the report on shack fires in South Africa by Matt Birkinshaw at http://abahlali.org/files/Big_Devil_Politics_of_Shack_Fire.pdf]
Stereotypes present shanty towns has inevitably having high rates of crime, suicide, drug use, and disease. However the observer Georg Gerster has noted (with specific reference to the invasões of Brasilia), "squatter settlements opposed to slums, despite their unattractive building materials, may also be places of hope, scenes of a counter-culture, with an encouraging potential for change and a strong upward impetus."[Georg Gerster, Flights of Discovery: The Earth from Above, 1978, London: Paddington, p. 116]
Examples
Shanty towns are present in a number of countries including South Africa (where they are often called squatter camps) or imijondolo, Canada (known as Bidonvilles in Quebec), Australia (mainly in Aboriginal areas), the United States (mainly in Indian reservations or in the rural areas of Appalachia) the Philippines (often called squatter areas), Argentina (where they are referred to as villas miseria), Venezuela (where they are known as barrios), Brazil (favelas), West Indies such as Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago (Where they are known as shanty town), Peru (where they are known as pueblos jóvenes), and Haiti, where they are referred to as .
In many countries there are now large movements of shanty town residents which often face severe state repression. For example in South Africa Abahlali baseMjondolo have become a significant political force in the cities of Durban and Pietermaritzburg and in Brazil the Movement of Workers Without a Roof (MTST) is very strong.
Many countries have a name for marginal settlements:
 Asentamientos (settlements) in Guatemala
in French-speaking countries
Cantegriles in Uruguay
Ciudades perdidas (lost cities) or Jacales in Mexico
Colonias or Migrant camp along the Mexican-American border
Favelas in Brazil
Gecekondu in Turkey
Katavlismos (campaments, referring to Roma settlements) in Greece
Invasiones (invasions) in Ecuador and Colombia
Khoshash in the Middle East
Jhugi/Bustee/Zhopdi/Zhopadpatti in India
Kachi abadi in Pakistan
Kijiji in Kenya
Mudduku in Sri Lanka
Poblaciones Callampas (mushroom settlements), Poblas or Campamentos in Chile
Chacarita in Paraguay
Chabolas, rancheríos in Spain
Pueblos jóvenes (young towns) or barriadas in Peru
Ranchos or barrios in Venezuela
Squatter camps or imijondolo in South Africa
Villas miseria (poverty towns) or just Villas in Argentina
Bairro de Lata in Portugal
Lušnynai in Lithuania
Barrio in Dominican Republic
El Ghetto in Panama
Precario or tugurrio in Costa Rica
Setinggan or Rumah Kongsi in Malaysia (A local movie changed its name to 'Sting Garden', to the plot that a poor girl living in setinggans trying to attract a wealthy boy's heart)
Kartonsko naselje (cardboard settlement) in Serbia
Invasión (Invasion) in Honduras
Korogocho (Kenya) see korogocho.org
Australia
See also
Ghetto
Poverty
Refugee shelter
Slum
Squatting
Tent city
Skid row
External links
Slate article about an economist proposing New Orleans to be reconstructed with shanties
Extreme Rich-Poor divides on Deputy-dog.com
Cities Alliance
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