oasis
In geography, an oasis (plural: oases) or cienega (southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a desert, typically surrounding a spring or similar water source. Oases also provide habitat for animals and even humans if the area is big enough.
The location of oases has been of critical importance for trade and transportation routes in desert areas. Caravans must travel via oases so that supplies of water and food can be replenished. Thus, political or military control of an oasis has in many cases meant control of trade on a particular route. For example, the oases of Awjila, Ghadames and Kufra, situated in modern-day Libya, have at various times been vital to both North-South and East-West trade in the Sahara desert. The word oasis came into English via Greek ὄασις oasis, borrowed directly from Egyptian wḥ3t or Demotic wḥỉ. It was not borrowed from Coptic ouaḥe (*/waħe/), as is sometimes suggested; the Greek word is attested several centuries before Coptic existed as a written language.
Oases are formed from underground rivers or aquifers such as an artesian aquifer, where water can reach the surface naturally by pressure or by man made wells. Occasional brief thunderstorms provide subterranean water to sustain natural oases, such as the Tuat. Substrata of impermeable rock and stone can trap water and retain it in pockets; or on long faulting subsurface ridges or volcanic dikes water can collect and percolate to the surface. Any incidence of water is then used by migrating birds who also pass seeds with their droppings which will grow at the waters edge forming an oasis.
Growing plants
People who live in an oasis use every bit of land. Water has to be used carefully; the fields must be irrigated to grow plants like dates, figs, olives, and apricots.
The most important plant in an oasis is the date palm which forms the upper layer. These palm trees provide shade for smaller trees like peach trees, which form the middle layer. The date palms do more than protect other plants from the burning sun - all parts of an oasis are very important for the people. And also growing plants in different layers, the farmers make best use of the soil and water.
Notable oases
 Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, largest oasis in the world.
Al-Qatif, Saudi Arabia, large oasis on the coast of the Persian Gulf.
Bahariya Oasis, Egypt
Ein Gedi, Israel
El Tour, Sinai peninsula,
Farafra Oasis, Egypt
Gaberoun, Libya
Herðubreiðarlindir, a so-called oasis-like area in the frozen Highlands of Iceland
Huacachina, Peru
Kufra Oasis, Libya
La Cienega, New Mexico, a paraje on El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
Las Vegas Valley, United States, what was once an oasis in the vast Mojave desert has over the years grown into a vibrant metropolitan area of over 2 million people, location of the famed Las Vegas Strip.
Loulan, China
M'Zab Valley, Algeria
Marin, China
Niya, China
Ouargla, Algeria
Safsaf Oasis, Egypt
San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
Siwa Oasis, Egypt
Tabas, Iran
Timimoun, Algeria
Tozeur, Tunisia
Tuat, Algeria
Turfan, China
Yarkand, China
Zerzura, a mythical oasis in Egypt or Libya
Bibliography
, Paris, Éditions IRD, coll. À travers champs, 2005, 440 p. ISBN 2-7099-1564-2
External links
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