metropolitan borough
A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The first metropolitan boroughs were created in 1900 by the London Government Act 1899 for the County of London. Re-created by the Local Government Act 1972, metropolitan boroughs are defined in English law as metropolitan districts, however all of them have been granted or regranted Royal Charters to give them borough status (as well as some with city status). Metropolitan boroughs are effectively unitary authority areas, owing to the Local Government Act 1985.
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Current metropolitan boroughs (post 1974)
The current metropolitan boroughs were created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as subdivisions of the new metropolitan counties which were created to cover the six largest urban areas in England outside Greater London
The new authorities were actually defined by law as metropolitan districts, however all of them have been granted or regranted Royal Charters to give them borough status and some also have city status. The new metropolitan boroughs replaced the county boroughs, municipal boroughs and urban and rural districts which preceded them. The districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1.1 million.
Metropolitan districts were originally part of a two-tier structure of local government, and shared power with the metropolitan county councils (MCCs). They differed from non-metropolitan districts, in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan districts were Local Education Authorities and were responsible for social services and libraries; in non-metropolitan counties these services were the responsibility of county councils.
In 1986 the metropolitan county councils were abolished by the Local Government Act 1985 and most of their functions were devolved to the boroughs, making them to a large extent unitary authorities. Some of the functions of the abolished county councils were taken over by joint bodies such as Passenger Transport Authorities, and joint fire, police and waste disposal authorities.
The 36 current metropolitan boroughs are:
Metropolitan boroughs of London (1900-1965)
The first metropolitan boroughs were created in 1900 by the London Government Act 1899 which created 28 metropolitan boroughs as sub-divisions of the County of London. They replaced vestries as the second tier of local government. They were the following:
 Battersea
Bermondsey
Bethnal Green
Camberwell
Chelsea
Deptford
Finsbury
Fulham
Greenwich
Hackney
Hammersmith
Hampstead
Holborn
Islington
Kensington
Lambeth
Lewisham
Paddington
Poplar
Shoreditch
Southwark
St Marylebone
St Pancras
Stepney
Stoke Newington
Wandsworth
Westminster
Woolwich
In 1965 the County of London was abolished by the London Government Act 1963 and replaced with the much larger Greater London. The 28 metropolitan boroughs were also abolished and merged to create 12 of 32 larger London boroughs.
See also
Borough
Non-metropolitan district
County borough
Subdivisions of England
Passenger Transport Executive
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