Sea of Marmara
The Sea of Marmara (Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: T?assa t?a?µa? or?p?t?, Bulgarian:?,Hungarian: Márvány-tenger(Marble sea)), also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as Propontis (Greek:?p?t?), is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black Sea and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean. The former also separates Istanbul into its Asian side and European side. The Sea has an area of 11,350 km² (280km x 80km)[Sea of Marmara] with the greatest depth reaching 1 370 m.
The salinity of the sea averages about 22 parts per thousand, which is slightly greater than that of the Black Sea but only about two-thirds that of most oceans. However, the water is much more saline at the sea-bottom, averaging salinities of around 38 parts per thousand — similar to that of the Mediterranean Sea. This high-density saline water, like that of the Black Sea itself, does not migrate to the surface. Water from the Granicus, Susurluk, Biga and Gonen Rivers also reduces the salinity of the sea, though with less influence than on the Black Sea. With little land in Thrace draining southward, almost all of these rivers flow from Anatolia.
There are two major island groups known as the Prince's and Marmara islands. The latter group is rich in sources of marble and gives the sea its name (Greek marmaro, marble). Alternatively, the name may come from the Indo-European, compare Hittite marmar(r)a, from *mori 'inland body of water'.
During a storm on December 29 1999, the Russian oil tanker Volgoneft broke in two in the Sea of Marmara, and more than 1500 tonnes of oil were spilled into the water.
The North Anatolian fault, which has triggered many major earthquakes in recent years, such as the Izmit Earthquake of 1999, runs under the sea.
The sea's ancient Greek name Propontis derives from pro (before) and pont- (sea), deriving from the fact that the Greeks sailed through it to reach the Black Sea. In Greek mythology, a storm on Propontis brought the Argonauts back to an island they had left, precipitating a battle where either Jason or Heracles killed King Cyzicus, who mistook them for his Pelasgian enemies.[Greek Mythology Link by Carlos Parada]
Town and cities
Towns and cities on the Marmara Sea coast include:
 Istanbul Province
* Tuzla
* Istanbul
** Pendik
** Kartal
** Bostanci
** Adalar
** Kadiköy
** Üsküdar
** Kumkapi
** Bakirköy
** Yesilköy
* Büyükçekmece
* Silivri
Tekirdag Province
* Marmara Eregli
* Tekirdag
* Sarköy
Çanakkale Province
* Gelibolu
* Lapseki
Balikesir Province
* Erdek
* Bandirma
Bursa Province
* Mudanya
* Gemlik
Yalova Province
* Çinarcik
* Yalova
Kocaeli Province
* Gölcük
* Karamürsel
* Körfez
* Hereke
* Eskihisar
See also
1509 Istanbul earthquake
Turkish Straits
Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits
Gallery
Image:Marmara sea.JPG|View of Marmara Sea from Istanbul (Kumkapi)
Image:Yassiada 1.jpg|Sea of Marmara approaching Yassiada
External links
Adiyamanli.org, Turkey - Sea of Marmara
Encyclopedia Britannica
SCIENCE FOCUS - SeaWiFS, Sea of Marmara: Where Ancient Myth and Modern Science Mix
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