Lesser Poland
Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland", Polish: Malopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. It forms the southeastern corner of the country. It should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers just a part of the historical region of Lesser Poland
Geography
Lesser Poland lies in the upper confluence of the Vistula river and covers a large upland, including the Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Lesser Polish Upland, Sandomierz Basin, and Lublin Upland. It stretches from the Carpathians in the south to Pilica and Wieprz rivers to the north. It borders Mazovia to the north, Podlachia to the northeast, Silesia to the west, Slovakia to the south and the border with Ukraine (Red Ruthenia) to the east. Historically, until World War II the region also included large parts of modern Ukraine (see Galicia).
In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Lesser Poland Province () consisted of Lesser Poland proper, Podlachia, Red Ruthenia, Volhynia, Podolia, Ukraine, and the Czernihów Voivodeship; capital: Kraków
Administratively, the historical area is divided into the voivodeships of Lesser Poland, Subcarpathia, Swietokrzyskie, Lublin, the eastern half of the neighbouring Upper Silesia, and southern parts of Masovia and Lodz.
Major cities and towns
The most notable cities of the region include:
 Kraków
Lwów (today a part of Ukraine)
as well as:
History
9th century – state of Vistulans, Lendians and other smaller Slavic tribes,
end of 10th century – inclussion to the Polans' state: provinces of Krakow and Sandomierz.
around 1040 – Krakow becomes the capital of Poland.
1138 – Poland feudal fragmentation period begins – Duchy of Krakow and Sandomierz ("senioral part") becomes a seat of a senior prince.
1241 - First Mongol raid, led by Baidar and Kadan.
1259 - Second Mongol raid, led by Nogai Khan.
1287 - Third Mongol raid, led by Telubuga.
1320, 20th Jan - coronation of Wladyslaw I the Elbow-high in Krakow ends the fragmentation period - united Poland restored
15th c. – Sejmik general in Nowy Korczyn.
1340 - annexation of Red Ruthenia, with the city of Lwow to Poland.
16th c. – annexation of Ruthenia (up to Kiev), which goes under administration of Lesser Poland[Belz Voivodeship, Braclaw Voivodeship, Czernihów Voivodeship, Kiev Voivodeship, Podole Voivodeship, Volhynian Voivodeship].
16-17th c. – Lesser Poland the main centre of Polish culture.
1545 – Sejmik general of Ruthenian Voivodship is established in Sadowa Wisznia.
1795-1918 - Poland partition period: Galicia, Free City of Krakow. Northern part of Lesser Poland, with Radom, Kielce and Lublin, belongs to the Russian Empire, southern part, with Krakow, Przemysl and Lwow - to Austria-Hungary,
1918 – returning to Poland after regaining the independence.
World War II – German-occupied General Government.
currently: Lesser Poland Voivodship, Lublin Voivodship, Subcarpathian Voivodship, Swietokrzyskie Voivodship and parts of Silesian Voivodship, Mazovian Voivodship and Lodz Voivodship.
For more information on history, see History of Poland.
Tourism
The historical capital of Lesser Poland – Krakow – is regarded by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. In 1978, UNESCO placed Kraków on the list of World Heritage Sites. The wooden architecture (most notably, churches) of Lesser Poland are also on that list as well as the Wieliczka Salt Mine located on the outskirsts of Krakow. The following National Parks are located in Lesser Poland:
References
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