Diffusion of innovations
Diffusion of innovation is a theory of how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures. Everett Rogers introduced it in his 1962 book, Diffusion of Innovations, writing that "Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system."[Rogers, Everett M. (2003).Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed.. New York, NY: Free Press.]
The S-Curve and technology adoption
Rogers theorized that innovations would spread through society in an S curve,[Rogers, Everett M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations, Glencoe: Free Press, Ch. 7.] as the early adopters select the technology first, followed by the majority, until a technology or innovation is common.
According to Rogers, diffusion research centers on the conditions which increase or decrease the likelihood that a new idea, product, or practice will be adopted by members of a given culture. According to Rogers people’s attitude toward a new technology is a key element in its diffusion. Roger’s Innovation Decision Process theory states that innovation diffusion is a process that occurs over time through five stages: Knowledge, Persuasion, Decision, Implementation and Confirmation. Accordingly, the innovation-decision process is the process through which an individual or other decision-making unit passes 1. from first knowledge of an innovation, 2. to forming an attitude toward the innovation, 3. to a decision to adopt or reject, 4. to implementation of the new idea, and 5. to confirmation of this decision.[Rogers, Everett M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed.. New York, NY: Free Press, 161]
Various computer models have been developed in order to simulate the diffusion of innovations. Veneris[Veneris, Yannis (1984). The Informational Revolution, Cybernetics and Urban Modelling, PhD Thesis. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.]
[Veneris, Yannis (1990). "Modeling the transition from the Industrial to the Informational Revolution". Environment and Planning A 22 (3): 399-416. doi:10.1068/a220399.] developed a systems dynamics computer model which takes into account various diffusion patterns modeled via differential equations.
See also
 Bass diffusion model
Crossing the Chasm
Development communication
Early adopter
Logistic function
Technology acceptance model
Technology adoption lifecycle
Technology lifecycle
External links
The Diffusion Simulation Game, about adopting an innovation in education
The Pencil Metaphor on diffusion of innovation particularly ICT in education
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