1957 in science
The year 1957 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
 October 4 - Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite
November 3 - Launch of Sputnik 2, with a dog called Laika on board, the first living thing sent into space.
December 6 - US attempted launch of Vanguard TV3 which fails after just two seconds in the air.
Project Orion begins, a U.S. program to build a spacecraft powered by nuclear explosions.
Biology
Structure of myoglobin determined by x-ray crystallography
Computer science
April - IBM delivers the first compiler for the FORTRAN scientific programming language. It becomes the most widely used computer language for technical work.
Robert C. Prim independently rediscovers Prim's algorithm. It was first discovered in 1930 by Vojtěch Jarník and independently rediscovered again by Edsger Dijkstra in 1959.
Exploration
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station established
Physics
BCS theory of superconductivity developed by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer
Awards
Nobel Prizes:
* Physics - Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee
* Chemistry- Lord Alexander R Todd
* Medicine - Daniel Bovet
Births
July 12 - Rick D. Husband (d. 2003), American astronaut.
Deaths
February 8 - John von Neumann (b. 1903), mathematician.
February 18 - Henry Norris Russell (b. 1877), astronomer.
May 7 - Wilhelm Filchner (b. 1877), explorer.
August 21 - Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (b. 1888), meteorologist and oceanographer.
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