1853
Year 1853 (MDCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
January - June
 January 8 - Taiping Rebellion: Zeng Guofan is ordered to assist the governor of Hunan in organising a militia force to search for local bandits.
January 12 - Taiping Rebellion: Taiping army occupies Wuchang.
January 19 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore premieres in performance at Teatro Apollo in Rome.
February 10 - Taiping Rebellion: Taiping forces at Hanyang, Hankou and Wuchang for march of Nanjing.
February 12 - Puerto Montt is founded in the Reloncaví Sound, Chile.
February 22 - Washington University is founded as Eliot Seminary
May - Beginning of an outbreak of yellow fever that kills 7,790 in New Orleans.
March 4 - Inauguration of US president Franklin Pierce
March 20 - Taiping Rebellion: Rebel army of around 750,000 seizes Nanjing, killing 30,000 Imperial troops.
May 23 - The first plat for Seattle, Washington is laid out.
June 27 - Taiping Rebellion: Northern Expeditionary Force crosses the Yellow River.
July - December
July 8 - U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Edo Bay with a request for a trade treaty
July 25 Outlaw and bandit Joaquin Murietta is killed.
August 12 – New Zealand acquires self-government
August 23 - 1st true International Meteorological Organization Brussels, Belgium
August 24 - Potato chips first prepared.
September 19 - Hudson Taylor first left for China.
October 4/October 5 - Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia.
October 28 - Crimean War: Ottoman army crosses the Danube into Vidin / Kalafat in Wallachia.
October 30 - Taiping Rebellion: Taiping Northern Expeditionary Force comes within three miles of Tianjin.
November 3 - Troops of William Walker capture La Paz in Baja California and declare (short-lived) Republic of Lower California
November 15 - Maria II of Portugal is succeeded by her son Pedro
November 30 - Crimean War: Battle of Sinop - The Russian fleet destroys the Turkish fleet.
December 6 - Taiping Rebellion: French minister de Bourboulon arrives at the Heavenly Capital aboard the Cassini.
December 30 - Gadsden Purchase: The United States buys land from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest
Undated
Royal Norwegian Navy Museum founded.
Alexander Wood invents the hypodermic syringe
Donald McKay builds the Great Republic, the world's biggest sailing ship, which at 4,500 tons was too large to be successful
Isambard Kingdom Brunel began work on the Great Eastern passenger steamer
Independent Santa Cruz Maya of Eastern Yucatan recognized as an independent nation by British Empire
Iesada succeeds Ieoshi as Japanese Shogun
Beginning of the Late Tokugawa shogunate, the last part of the Edo period in Japan.
Stephen Foster writes "My Old Kentucky Home."
The University of Florida is established
Swiss watch company Tissot is founded.
Wheaton Academy founded in West Chicago, Illinois
Ongoing events
Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
Births
January 28 - José Martí, Cuban revolutionary (d. 1895)
February 6 - Ignacij Klemencic, Slovenian physicist (d. 1901)
March 14 - Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)
March 30 - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter (d. 1890)
May 28 - Carl Larsson, Swedish painter (d. 1919)
June 3 - William Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (d. 1942)
June 12 - Chester Adgate Congdon, Minnesota mining magnate (d. 1916)
July 5 - Cecil Rhodes, English businessman (d. 1902)
July 18 - Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
September 2 - Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932)
September 16 - Albrecht Kossel, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
September 20 - Chulalongkorn, Rama V, king of Thailand (d. 1910)
September 21 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
December 6 - Haraprasad Shastri, Indian academic, Sanskrit scholar, archivist and historian of Bengali literature (d. 1931)
Deaths
January 16 - Matteo Carcassi, Italian composer (b. 1792)
February 6 - Anastasio Bustamante, Mexican President
March 17 - Christian Doppler, Austrian mathematician (b. 1803)
April 18 - William R. King, 13th Vice President of the United States (b.1786)
April 28 - Ludwig Tieck, German writer (b. 1773)
June 8 - Richard William Howard Vyse (b. 1784)
July 27 - Tokugawa Ieyoshi, Japanese shogun (b.1793)
August 19 - George Cockburn, British Naval commander (b.1772)
August 23 - Alexander Calder, first mayor of Beaumont, Texas (b. 1806)
September 3 - Augustin Saint-Hilaire, French botanist and traveller (b.1799)
November 15 - Maria II of Portugal (b. 1819)
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