1837
Year 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
January - June
 January 26 - Michigan is the 26th state admitted to the United States of America.
February - Charles Dickens's Oliver Twist begins publication in serial form.
February 4 - Seminoles attack Fort Foster.
February 25 - In Philadelphia, The Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) was founded as the first institution for higher education of Blacks.
March 4
*Martin Van Buren succeeds Andrew Jackson as the President of the United States.
*City of Chicago is incorporated.
May - *Samuel Morse patents telegraph.
May 10 - Panic of 1837 begins in New York City.
June 5 - City of Houston, Texas is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
June 11 - The Broad Street Riot occurred in Boston, Massachusetts, fueled by racial tensions between Irish-Americans and English-Americans.
June 20 - Queen Victoria, monarch of the United Kingdom accedes to the throne.
July - December
July - Charles W. King sets sail on the American merchant ship Morrison. In the Morrison Incident, he is turned away from Japanese ports with cannon fire.
July 29 - Spanish government auctions the church property.
August 16 - Dutch sack of the fortress of Bonjol, ending the Padri War.
November 7 - American abolitionist and newspaper editor Elijah Lovejoy is killed by a pro-slavery mob.
November 8 - Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, was founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
November/December - In the Canadas, William Lyon Mackenzie leads the Upper Canada Rebellion and Louis-Joseph Papineau leads the Lower Canada Rebellion.
Undated
At Le Mans, France, Father Basil Moreau, CSC founds the Congregation of Holy Cross by joining the Brothers of St. Joseph and the Auxiliary Priests of Le Mans.
Louis Daguerre develops daguerreotype.
January - June
January 2 - Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (d. 1910)
February 5 - Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (d. 1899)
January 7 - Thomas Henry Ismay, known for acquiring the WSL flag.
March 1 - William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, editor, and politician (d. 1920)
March 7 - Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
March 18 - Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (d. 1908)
March 23 - Charles Wyndham, English actor and theatrical manager (d. 1919)
April 5 - Algernon Charles Swinburne, English poet (d. 1909)
April 17 - John Pierpont Morgan, American financier and banker (d. 1913)
April 21 - Fredrik Bajer, Danish politician and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1922)
May 9 - Adam Opel, German engineer and industrialist (d. 1895)
May 27 - Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter (d. 1876)
May 28 - George Ashlin, Irish Architect (d. 1921)
June 22 - Paul Morphy, American chess player (d. 1884)
June 22 - Paul Bachmann, German mathematician (d. 1920)
July - December
July 4 - Carolus-Duran, French painter (d. 1917)
July 18 - Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873)
August 24 - Théodore Dubois, French composer (d. 1924)
September 14 - Nikolai Bugaev, prominent Russian mathematician (d.1903)
September 16 - King Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861)
September 18 - Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, (Portuguese) Archbishop of Goa (d. 1880)
October 10 - Robert Gould Shaw, American Civil War General, reformer (d. 1863)
October 29 - African-American folk artist Harriet Powers (d. 1910)
November 2 - Émile Bayard, French artist, illustrator (d. 1891)
November 5 - Saint Arnold Janssen (d. 1909)
November 14 - Lucas Barrett, English naturalist (d. 1862)
November 20 - Lewis Waterman, American inventor and businessman (d.1901)
November 23 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1923)
December 15 - George B. Post American architect (d. 1913)
December 26 - George Dewey, U.S. naval officer (d. 1917)
Unknown dates
Sarah Lockwood Pardee, American builder of the Winchester Mystery House (d. 1922)
Tadeusz Zychiewicz, Polish activist, pulkownik (d. after 1901)
Deaths
January 20 - John Soane, British architect (b. 1753)
January 23 - John Field, Irish composer (b. 1782)
February 7 - Gustav IV Adolf, ex-King of Sweden (b. 1778)
February 10 - Alexander Pushkin, Russian author (b. 1799)
February 19, Georg Büchner, German playwright (b. 1813)
March 31 - John Constable, English painter (b. 1776)
April 28 - Joseph Souham, French general (b. 1760)
May 20 - Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. 1747)
June 14 - Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798)
June 20 - King William IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1765)
September 7 - Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken, Russian military leader (b. 1752)
September 21 - Pieter Vreede, Dutch politician (b. 1750)
September 28 - Akbar Shah II, last Mughal emperor of India (b. 1760)
October 1 - Robert Clark, American politician (b. 1777)
October 10 - Charles Fourier, philosopher (b. 1772)
November 7 - Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (b. 1809)
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