1836
Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).
January -> March
 January 5 - Davy Crockett arrives in Texas.
January 12
* Battle of Wetumka, Florida.
* HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin reaches Sydney.
January 18 - Dade County, Florida, is formed.
February 23 - The Alamo is surrounded by Santa Anna's army, in 13-day ordeal.
February 25 - Samuel Colt receives an American patent for the Colt revolver, the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
March 1
*Antonio García Gutiérrez's play El Trovador performed for the first time at Madrid.
*A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
March 2 - Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico.
March 6 - Battle of the Alamo ends: 189 Texans against about 1600 Mexicans.
March 17 - Texas abolishes slave trade.
April - June
April 20 - The Territory of Wisconsin is created.
April 21 - Battle of San Jacinto: Mexican forces under General Santa Anna are defeated at San Jacinto, Texas.
April 22 - Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
May 7 - The settlement of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is elevated to the royal status of villa by the government of Spain.
May 15 - Francis Baily, during an eclipse of the sun, observes the phenomenon named after him as Baily's beads.
May 19 - Fort Parker massacre: Among those captured by Native Americans was 9-year-old Cynthia Ann Parker. She would later give birth to a son named Quanah who would become the last chief of the Comanche.
June 15 - Arkansas is the 25th state admitted into the United States of America.
July - September
July 13 - First numbered U.S. patent #1 (after filing 9,957 unnumbered patents) is granted, for locomotive wheels.
July 20 - Charles Darwin climbs Green Hill on Ascension Island.
July 21 - The first Canadian railroad opens, between Laprairie and St. John, Quebec.
July 27 - Adelaide, South Australia is founded.
July 30 - The first English newspaper is published in Hawaii.
August 17 - HMS Beagle with Charles Darwin leaves South America, headed back to England.
August 30 - The city of Houston, Texas is founded.
September 1 - Rebuilding begins at Synagogue of Rabbi Judah Hasid in Jerusalem.
September 5 - Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas.
October - December
October 2 - Charles Darwin returns to England aboard HMS Beagle with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution.
October 22 - Sam Houston is inaugurated as first elected President of the Republic of Texas.
October 24 - A. Phillips patents the match.
December 4 - Whig Party holds its first national convention, in Harrisburg, PA.
December 7 - U.S. presidential election: Martin Van Buren defeats William Henry Harrison.
December 15 - The US Patent Office (USPTO) burns in Washington, DC.
December 26 - Proclamation of the colony of South Australia, now celebrated in the state of South Australia as Proclamation Day.
December 27 - Avalanche at Lewes Sussex, England kills 8 of 15 buried.
December 28 - Spain recognizes independence of Mexico.
December 30 - The Lehman theater in St Petersburg catches fire: hundreds die.
Undated
First printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary.
New Board brokerage group is founded in New York City.
Parliament passes law making census data available to the public - a boon for genealogists and historians.
James Peter Allaire's company, the Howell Works, is at its peak.
George Catlin ends his six year tour of 50 tribes in the Dakota Territory.
January - June
January 2 - Mendele Moykher Sforim, Russian Yiddish writer (d. 1917)
January 10 - Charles Phillip Ingalls, Pioneer father of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. June 8, 1902)
January 14 - Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter (d. 1904)
January 27 - Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (d. 1895)
February 16 - Robert Halpin, Irish mariner and cable layer (d. 1894)
February 18 - Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Bengali religious leader (d. 1886)
February 21 - Léo Delibes, French composer (d. 1891)
February 24 - Winslow Homer, American painter. 1910)
March 12 - Isabella Beeton, British cook and expert on household management (d. 1865)
March 20
*Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American politician (d. 1886)
*Sir Edward Poynter, French-born artist (d. 1919)
April 27 - Major Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain and ornithologist (d. 1897)
May 27 - Jay Gould, American financier (d. 1892)
May 28 - Alexander Mitscherlich, German chemist (d. 1918)
May 31 - Jules Chéret, French printmaker (d. 1932)
July - December
July 8 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (d. 1914)
July 9 - Camille de Renesse, Belgian Count (d. 1904)
August 13 - Bishop Nikolai of Japan, Russian Orthodox priest (d. 1912)
August 25 - Bret Harte, American writer (d. 1902)
September 7 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
September 11 - Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author (d. 1870)
September 17 - William Jackson Palmer, founder of Colorado Springs, Colorado (d. 1836)
October 15 - James Tissot, French artist (d. 1902)
November 11 - Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and novelist (d. 1907)
November 18 - W. S. Gilbert, British playwright and librettist best known for his collaborations with Arthur Sullivan (d. 1911)
January - June
January 1 - Bernhard Meyer, German physician and ornithologist (b. 1767)
January 11 - John Molson, Canadian entrepreneur (b. 1763)
January 30 - Betsy Ross, Made the first American flag (b. 1752)
March 6 (at the Alamo)
*Davy Crockett, American frontiersman and soldier (b. 1786)
*William Barret Travis Texan revolutionary (b. 1809)
*James Bowie Texan revolutionary (b. 1796)
March 16 - Nathaniel Bowditch, American Mathematician (b. 1773)
March 27 - James Fannin, Texas Revolutionary (b. 1804)
April 29 - Simon Kenton, Frontiersman; American Revolutionary Militia General (b. 1755)
June 28 - James Madison, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751)
July - December
August 21 - Claude-Louis Navier, French engineer and physicist (b. 1785)
August 26 - Jeremiah Colegrove, Continental Army officer (b. 1758)
September 5 - Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (b. 1790)
September 12 - Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German playwright (b. 1801)
September 14 - Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
September 17 - Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (b. 1748)
November 5 - Karel Hynek Mácha, Czech poet (b. 1810)
November 6 - King Charles X of France (b. 1757)
November 16 - Christian Hendrik Persoon, Dutch mycologist (b. 1761)
December 27 - Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (b. 1793)
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