1748
Year 1748 (MDCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar).
January - June
 March 28 - A fire in the City of London causes over a million pounds worth of damage.
April - Maastricht is conquered by Maurice de Saxe.
April 24 - War of the Austrian Succession: A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen) with the intent to conclude the war.
July - December
September 24 - Shah Rukh becomes ruler of Greater Khorasan.
October 18 - War of the Austrian Succession: The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war.
Undated
Great Britain obtains Madras, in India, from France, in exchange of the fortress of Louisbourg in Canada.
Leonhard Euler publishes Introductio in analysin infinitorum.
Montesquieu publishes De l'Esprit des lois.
Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh.
The building of Sveaborg begins near Helsinki.
Henry Fielding organizes the forerunner of the Bow Street Runners (8 men at first).
Ahmad Shah Bahadur captures Lahore.
The ruins of Pompeii are discovered.
Louis XV of France authorizes a 5% income tax on every individual regardless of social status; the Parlement of Paris protests.
Births
January 1 - Gottfried August Bürger, German poet (d. 1794)
January 19 - Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (d. 1814)
February 2 - Adam Weishaupt, German founder of the Order of the Illuminati (d. 1811)
February 9 - Luther Martin, American politician (d. 1826)
February 15 - Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher and writer (d. 1832)
February 22 - Timothy Dexter, American businessman (d. 1806)
February 27 - Anders Sparrman, Swedish naturalist (d. 1820)
March 5 - William Shield, English violinist and composer (d. 1829)
March 5 - Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (d. 1810)
March 8 - Prince William V of Orange (d. 1806)
March 10 - John Playfair, Scottish scientist (d. 1819)
April 12 - Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1836)
April 27 - Pierre-Louis Ginguené, French author (d. 1815)
April 27 - Adamantios Korais, Greek scholar (d. 1833)
May 3 - Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, French cleric and constitutional theorist (d. 1836)
May 7 - Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (d. 1793)
May 10 - Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot, French ornithologist (d. 1831)
May 28 - Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle (d. 1825)
June 8 - William Few, American politician (d. 1828)
June 30 - Jacques Dominique, comte de Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1845)
August 8 - Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1804)
August 30 - Jacques-Louis David, French painter (d. 1825)
October 7 - King Charles XIII of Sweden (Charles II of Norway) (d. 1818)
October 13 - Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, German painter and art historian (d. 1821)
October 19 - Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, wife of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1782)
November 11 - King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
November 13 - William Chalmers, Swedish merchant (d. 1811)
December 9 - Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (d. 1822)
December 14 - William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire (d. 1811)
date unknown - James Sayers, English caricaturist (d. 1823)
Timur Shah, Afghan king (d. 1793)
See also .
Deaths
January 1 - Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1667)
January 16 - Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1684)
February 18 - Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg und Traun, Austrian field marshal (b. 1677)
March 14 - George Wade, British military leader (b. 1673)
March 23 - Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist, and composer (b. 1684)
April 12 - William Kent, English architect (b. c. 1685)
May 12 - Thomas Lowndes, British astronomer (b. 1692)
August 27 - James Thomson, Scottish poet (b. 1700)
September 6 - Edmund Gibson, English jurist (b. 1669)
September 10 - Mother Ignacia del Espiritu Santo, foundress (b. 1663)
September 12 - Anne Bracegirdle, English actress (b. c. 1671)
September 21 - John Balguy, English philosopher (b. 1686)
November 25 - Isaac Watts, English hymn writer (b. 1674)
December 2 - Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (b. 1662)
See also .
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