1664
Year 1664 (MDCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).
January - June
 January 5 - Battle of Surat: The Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji is defeated by the Inayat Khan of Mughal.
March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of England.
May 4 - Kronenbourg, a popular lager, is first produced.
July - December
August 1 - Battle of Saint Gotthard: The Ottoman Empire is defeated by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.
September 24 - Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrenders New Amsterdam to an English naval squadron commanded by Colonel Richard Nicolls.
October 28 - The Admirals Regiment is formed, later known as the Royal Marines.
Undated
The French East India Company is founded.
The Marathas sack Surat.
Births
January 4 - Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (d. 1742)
January 20 - Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, Italian writer and jurist (d. 1718)
February 6 - Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1703)
February 24 (baptized) - Thomas Newcomen, English inventor (d. 1729)
March 12 - Maurice Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (d. 1718)
April 6 - Arvid Horn, Swedish statesman (d. 1742)
April 30 - François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (d. 1709)
May 30 - Giulio Alberoni, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1754)
July 18 - Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order (d. 1732)
July 21 - Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (d. 1721)
September 5 - Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England (d. 1718)
November 9 - Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)
Deaths
March 16 - Ivan Vyhovsky, Ukrainian Cossack leader
March 19 - Francisco de Araujo, Spanish theologian (b. 1580)
March 30 - Guru Har Krishan, Eighth Guru of Sikhism (b. 1656)
April 4 - Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (b. 1577)
May 19 - Elisabeth de Bourbon-Vendôme, French princess (b. 1614)
May 21 - Elizabeth Poole, Puritan/"foundress"/business woman (b. c. 1599)
June 2 - Henry II, Duke of Guise (b. 1614)
June 22 - Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (b. 1631)
July - Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (b. 1588)
July 16 - Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)
July 31 - Goschwin Nickel, Jesuit leader (b. 1582)
August 24 - Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (born 1610)
August 27 - Francisco Zurbarán, Spanish painter (b. 1598)
December 25 - Niccolò Ludovisi, Prince of Piombino (b. 1613)
Lin Yiu, Chinese poet and painter (b. 1618)
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