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1649

Year 1649 (MDCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

January - June

January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. His widow Henrietta Maria returns to her native France.

January 30 - The Commonwealth of England, a republican form of government, replaces the monarchy as the form of government of England and later of Scotland and Ireland. Members of the Long Parliament serve as government.

January 30 - Prince Charles Stuart declares himself King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. At the time all three Kingdoms do not recognize him as ruler.

February 5 - In Edinburgh, Scotland claimant King Charles II of England is declared King in his absence. Scotland is the first of the three Kingdoms to recognize his claim to the throne.

March 11 - The Frondeurs (rebels) and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.

March 19 - The House of Commons passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, declaring that it is "useless and dangerous to the people of England".

May 17 - The Banbury mutiny ends - leaders of the Leveller mutineers in the New Model Army are hanged.

May 19 - is passed by the Rump Parliament.

May - Robert Blake is promoted to become an Admiral of the English fleet.

July - December

August 8 - Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh completes Book VIII of Leabhar na nGenealach, in Galway, within days of an outbreak of the plague.

August 15 - Admiral Robert Blake blockades Prince Rupert to allow Oliver Cromwell to land in Dublin and begin the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

September 2 - The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.

Undated

Urga is founded (now Mongolia's capital).

The Digger movement is crushed at St George's Hill.

The English Interregnum starts.

The Siege of Drogheda and Sack of Wexford: The beginning of the end for the Irish Catholic Confederation.

Ongoing events

Fronde civil war in France (1648-1653)

Births

February 2 - Pope Benedict XIII (d. 1730)

February 8 - Gabriel Daniel, French Jesuit historian (d. 1728)

February 11 - William Carstares, Scottish minister (d. 1715)

April 5 - Elihu Yale, American benefactor of Yale University (d. 1721)

April 9 - James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1685)

June 13 - Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (d. 1706)

July 23 - Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)

September 15 - Titus Oates, English minister and plotter (d. 1705)

December 7 - Charles Garnier, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1606)

Deaths

January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland (executed) (b. 1600)

March 9 - James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish statesman (b. 1606)

March 9 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (executed) (b. 1590)

March 16 - Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)

March 19 - Gerhard Johann Vossius, German classical scholar and theologian (b. 1577)

March 26 - John Winthrop First Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. c.1587)

May 14 - Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian (b. 1600)

June 3 - Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portugues historian and poet (b. 1590)

September 6 - Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick, English explorer and geographer (b. 1574)

September 15 - John Floyd, English Jesuit preacher (b. 1572)

October 3 - Giovanni Diodati, Swiss Protestant clergyman (b. 1576)

October 16 - Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (b. 1621)

November 19 - Caspar Schoppe, German scholar (b. 1576)

December 4 - William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet (b. 1585)

December 8 - Noël Chabanel, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1613)